Apoteker: Cegah replikasi virus dengan meminum ARV tepat waktu untuk ODHA

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Jakarta (ANTARA) – Apoteker spesialis farmasi rumah sakit dari RSPON apt. Hadijah Tahir, Sp.FRS menggarisbawahi pentingnya ketepatan waktu minum obat antiretroviral (ARV) bagi Orang Dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) untuk mencegah replikasi virus HIV.

Menurut Hadijah, kasus penderita HIV/AIDS yang terlambat meminum ARV dari jadwal yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya memang menjadi kendala yang sering dihadapi. Mengingat pentingnya ketepatan waktu, pasien harus selalu memastikan ketersediaan stok ARV bagi dirinya.

“Tidak boleh terlambat (minum obat ARV), tidak semenit pun. “Dalam waktu lima menit saja sudah terjadi replikasi virus,” kata Hadijah dalam diskusi yang berlangsung secara daring di Jakarta, Kamis.

Ketika virus HIV telah menginfeksi sel limfosit, maka virus akan bereplikasi dengan sangat cepat. Bagi pasien yang baru terdiagnosis HIV/AIDS, Hadijah juga menekankan pentingnya mendapatkan terapi ARV sesegera mungkin.

Hal ini juga berlaku apabila petugas kesehatan tidak sengaja terpapar virus HIV. Dalam waktu empat jam, kata Hadijah, seseorang yang terpapar virus HIV minimal harus sudah mengonsumsi ARV.

“Jadi harus segera dilakukan agar (ARV) bisa menghambat replikasi virus. Sebab jika tidak segera maka virus akan bertambah, sistem imun tubuh atau CD4 akan terisi oleh virus. “Dan tentunya daya tahan tubuh menurun sehingga infeksi oportunistik bisa langsung tertular,” ujarnya.

Baca juga: UNAIDS Ungkap Tantangan Penanganan HIV di Indonesia
Baca juga: Antropolog UI: Pemerintah perlu melindungi hak pendidikan ODHA

Hadijah mengatakan, saat ini ARV merupakan satu-satunya terapi yang tersedia untuk mengobati virus HIV. Meski tidak bisa menyembuhkan, namun patuh mengonsumsi ARV dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup penderitanya. Ketika jumlah virus HIV di dalam darah tidak terdeteksi, maka risiko penderitanya menularkan virus sangat rendah atau tidak ada risiko sama sekali.

Menurutnya, saat ini regimen obat ARV sudah semakin baik. Faktanya, ada jenis obat yang mengandung beberapa jenis obat dalam satu tablet, sehingga meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien dalam mengonsumsi obat.

Hadijah menambahkan, obat ARV bisa diminum setengah jam hingga satu jam sebelum makan atau dua jam setelah makan. Beberapa jenis ARV dianjurkan untuk tidak dikonsumsi bersamaan dengan makanan lain, seperti efavirenz yang tidak boleh dikonsumsi berdekatan dengan makanan tinggi lemak karena dapat mengganggu penyerapan obat.

Mengenai efek samping ARV, ia mengatakan pada dasarnya efek samping obat bersifat individual. Artinya tidak semua penderita ARV mengalami efek samping yang sama. Namun secara umum ARV dapat menimbulkan efek samping berupa mual, muntah, dan diare.

Pemberian obat ARV akan terus dievaluasi oleh petugas kesehatan. Jika timbul efek samping, Hadijah mengingatkan bukan berarti pasien bisa berhenti minum ARV. Dalam waktu dua minggu, pasien umumnya sudah bisa beradaptasi dan tidak lagi mengalami efek samping.

“Kalau setelah minum ARV langsung muntah, berarti sudah pasti belum terserap dengan baik. Jadi bisa diminum lagi sebagai penggantinya. Tapi kalau muntah saat mendekati dosis berikutnya, maka tidak perlu. ulangi, minum obatnya saja pada saat dosis berikutnya,” kata Hadijah.

Baca juga: Ahli Gizi: ODHA sebaiknya menghindari makanan mentah untuk mencegah risiko IO
Baca juga: Dokter: Dukungan Moral dari Keluarga Sangat Dibutuhkan Penderita HIV/AIDS

Reporter: Rizka Khaerunnisa
Redaktur: Riza Mulyadi
Hak Cipta © ANTARA 2024

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