Mantan Kepala Bappenas Paparkan Pemicu 'Kasta Bawah' Kelas Menengah

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Jakarta, . Indonesia – Kondisi kelas menengah di Indonesia sedang menjadi sorotan. Banyak masyarakat kelas menengah yang diduga terjerumus ke kelompok ekonomi bawah karena sulitnya mendapatkan pekerjaan.

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) mencatat jumlah kelas menengah mengalami penurunan sebanyak 9,48 juta jiwa pada periode 2019-2024. Penurunan proporsi tersebut dipicu oleh pandemi Covid-19.

Menteri Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (PPN)/Kepala Bappenas 2014-2015, Andrinof Chaniago menegaskan, jatuhnya kelas menengah sebenarnya tidak dipicu oleh melemahnya perekonomian. Sebaliknya, distribusi ekonomi semakin memburuk.

“Bukannya asetnya lesu, karena penyalurannya semakin parah,” ujarnya dalam Sambung Podcast Cuap Cuap Cuan, Rabu (4/12/2024).

Memburuknya distribusi ini disebabkan adanya sektor-sektor yang mempunyai keuntungan besar namun tidak memberikan multiplier effect yang luas dan sulit ditembus karena hanya dikuasai segelintir pihak. Sektor ini adalah pertambangan.

“Yang bisa ikut tambang itu maksimal 2.000 orang. Kalau dilihat jumlah perusahaannya sekitar 2.000-an. Mungkin bisa ditambah lagi. Tapi minta ampun pada yang sudah punya ya? ” katanya.

Sedangkan sektor yang dapat menggerakkan perekonomian secara inklusif adalah industri manufaktur. Namun pembiayaannya mahal dan pasarnya terbuka untuk produk luar negeri.

Kalaupun muncul bisnis manufaktur baru, Andrinof melihat pada akhirnya hanya akan memilih industri ekstraktif, kembali ke sawit, batu bara, dan nikel. Pasalnya, industri ini memiliki margin yang tinggi.

“Jadi meskipun dia punya uang, dia tidak akan berinvestasi di industri. Kalau pinjam ke bank, marginnya kecil, jadi khawatir tidak stabil. “Tapi begitu mendapat izin pertambangan, kaki kami gemetar,” kata Andrinof.

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Video: PPN Naik Januari 2025, Kelas Menengah Makin Menderita



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Ketimpangan yang semakin melebar membuat kelas menengah semakin terpuruk, apakah Indonesia dalam bahaya?


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