MIND ID Minta Jumlah Smelter Dibatasi, Ini Alasannya

Redaksi

Suarainspiratif.com,




Jakarta, . Indonesia – Holding BUMN pertambangan MIND ID meminta dukungan KPK. Mengingat, jumlah smelter nikel di Indonesia saat ini sedang booming.

Direktur Utama MIND ID Hendi Prio Santoso mengatakan menjamurnya smelter nikel di Tanah Air berdampak pada anjloknya harga jual produk turunan nikel tersebut di pasar global. Kondisi ini membuat perseroan tidak mampu menutup biaya produksi smelter.

“Jika kelebihan pasokan Seperti yang terjadi pada feronikel, harganya anjlok akibat kelebihan pasokan yang mungkin terjadi secara tidak langsung dan tidak disengaja. “Jadi sekarang harga Feronikel hampir tidak bisa menutupi biaya produksi,” kata Hendi dalam Rapat Dengar Pendapat dengan Komisi XII DPR RI, Rabu (4/12/2024).

Sementara yang dimaksud Hendi, pembatasan pembangunan smelter ditujukan kepada smelter nikel kelas dua. Khususnya smelter nikel yang menghasilkan produk Nickel Pig Iron (NPI) dan Ferro Nickel (FeNi).

“Kami berharap ada dukungan dari sisi tata kelola, meminta agar ada pembatasan jumlah smelter yang dilakukan, karena kami khawatir banyaknya smelter akan menimbulkan kelebihan pasokan dari sisi pasar dunia,” ungkapnya.

Pada periode sebelumnya, Anggota Komisi ini memperhitungkan sisa umur cadangan nikel yang hanya cukup untuk belasan tahun ke depan.

Meski demikian, Ramson meminta agar proyek smelter yang sedang berjalan perlu didukung penuh. Sehingga pelaku usaha nikel yang sudah banyak berinvestasi tidak dirugikan dengan kebijakan tersebut.

“Ini semua kelemahan kebijakannya. Kenapa pelarangan nikel baru belasan tahun sekarang? Ini harus dihentikan mulai sekarang, moratoriumnya juga bagus tapi yang ada saat ini harus didukung penuh agar tidak terjadi lagi. bertahan, dilakukan penelitian terhadap semua yang diolah hingga benar-benar bisa diproduksi,” kata Ramson di Gedung DPR, dikutip Jumat (25/8/2023).

Menurut Ramson, pelaksanaan hilirisasi industri bahan mineral sebenarnya sudah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara (UU Minerba). Merujuk pada aturan tersebut, pemerintah telah menerapkan larangan ekspor sejak Januari 2014 atau lima tahun sejak aturan tersebut diundangkan.

(pgr/pgr)

Tonton videonya di bawah ini:

Video: Kolaborasi Antam-PTFI Perkuat Tulang Punggung Hilirisasi Emas



Artikel Berikutnya

Kaltim Punya Smelter Nikel Rp 30 Triliun, Ada Pabrik Baterai


Also Read

Jika keberatan atau harus diedit baik Artikel maupun foto Silahkan Laporkan! Terima Kasih

Ikuti kami :

Tags

zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae zae but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but but