Peta Bumi Pertama Sebelum Diterbitkan

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Peta Bumi Pertama. FOTO/SETIAP HARI

WELLINGTON – Bentuk peta bumi saat ini diyakini sudah banyak berubah, karena pada tahun 2017 merupakan wilayah pesisir. Selandia Baru ditemukan.

Zealandia, yang dikenal sebagai Te Riu-a-Māui dalam bahasa Māori, mencakup wilayah seluas lebih dari 5 juta kilometer persegi, menjadikannya dua kali luas anak benua India.

Penyebabnya karena 95 persen wilayahnya tenggelam di bawah barat daya Samudera Pasifik, menghilang jauh sebelum manusia ada di Bumi. Hanya barisan pegunungan besar (dua pulau di Selandia Baru) dan beberapa pulau samudera kecil yang terlihat di permukaan.

Sedikit yang diketahui tentang benua yang baru ditemukan ini, terutama karena benua tersebut hampir sepenuhnya tidak dapat diakses. Namun, tim ahli geologi dari seluruh dunia telah menyusun peta geologi baru yang berisi Zealandia. Peta tersebut dibuat menggunakan kombinasi sampel batuan yang diambil dari laut dan metode pemetaan geofisika.

Ahli geologi menemukan formasi batu pasir besar dan endapan kerikil batuan basaltik, menelusuri batas luar Zealandia saat mereka mencari sampel.

Batupasir tersebut diperkirakan berusia sekitar 95 juta tahun dan mengandung granit tua serta kerikil vulkanik, yang menunjukkan bahwa ketika Zealandia masih merupakan daratan kering, sungai-sungai yang mengalir dari dataran tinggi vulkanik memenuhi cekungan tektonik.

Dataran tinggi ini merupakan rangkaian gunung berapi yang aktif setidaknya 30 hingga 50 juta tahun sebelumnya, namun kemungkinan besar terkikis ketika batu pasir diendapkan.

Ahli geologi percaya bahwa Zealandia secara bertahap tenggelam sekitar 40 juta tahun yang lalu, berkat penemuan kerikil basal, yang berhubungan dengan vulkanisme bawah air.

Studi “Pengintaian geologi dasar dan tektonik Selandia Utara” diterbitkan dalam jurnal Tectonics (2023).

(wbs)

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