Terus bersin? Inilah penyebab dan cara mengatasinya

Redaksi

Suarainspiratif.com,

Jakarta (ANTARA) – Bersin merupakan reaksi alami tubuh untuk membersihkan saluran pernafasan dari zat-zat pengiritasi, namun jika bersin terjadi terus menerus tentu sangat mengganggu.

Mengapa Kita Bersin?

Bersin terjadi ketika partikel asing, seperti debu, serbuk sari, atau bahkan virus masuk ke dalam hidung. Tubuh kita akan merespons dengan mengeluarkan udara secara paksa melalui hidung dan mulut untuk menghilangkan partikel tersebut.

Penyebab Bersin Terus-menerus

Dikutip dari berbagai sumber, salah satunya pafikabacehtamiang.org, ada beberapa faktor yang bisa menyebabkan seseorang bersin terus menerus, antara lain:

1. Alergi

Alergi merupakan reaksi berlebihan sistem kekebalan tubuh terhadap zat (alergen) yang umumnya tidak berbahaya bagi orang lain. Ketika seseorang yang memiliki alergi terpapar suatu alergen, tubuh akan melepaskan histamin yang memicu berbagai gejala, termasuk bersin.

Alergen umum yang menyebabkan bersin antara lain serbuk sari, bulu binatang, debu rumah, tungau debu, dan makanan tertentu seperti kacang-kacangan, telur, dan makanan laut. Reaksi alergi ini bisa bervariasi, mulai dari ringan hingga berat, dan seringkali disertai gejala lain seperti pilek, mata gatal, dan kulit gatal.

2. Infeksi

Infeksi virus, terutama virus flu atau flu biasa, adalah penyebab umum bersin. Virus ini menyerang sel-sel di saluran pernapasan bagian atas sehingga menyebabkan peradangan dan produksi lendir yang berlebihan.

Bersin merupakan salah satu cara tubuh mengeluarkan virus dan lendir dari saluran pernapasan. Selain bersin, gejala infeksi virus lainnya antara lain hidung tersumbat, sakit tenggorokan, demam, dan batuk.

3. Rinitis

Rhinitis adalah peradangan pada lapisan dalam hidung. Kondisi ini bisa bersifat alergi (disebabkan oleh suatu alergen) atau non-alergi (disebabkan oleh faktor lain). Rinitis alergi sudah dijelaskan pada poin sebelumnya.

Rinitis non-alergi dapat disebabkan oleh perubahan cuaca, iritasi bahan kimia, atau infeksi virus berulang. Gejala rinitis non alergi mirip dengan rinitis alergi, namun tanpa riwayat alergi.

4. Polip Hidung

Polip hidung adalah pertumbuhan jaringan lunak non-kanker di dalam hidung. Pertumbuhan ini dapat menyumbat saluran udara, menyebabkan hidung tersumbat dan bersin.

Polip hidung sering terjadi pada penderita asma atau alergi. Selain bersin, gejala lain yang mungkin muncul antara lain hilangnya indera penciuman, sakit kepala, dan rasa penuh pada wajah.

5. Penggunaan Obat Tertentu

Beberapa jenis obat dapat menimbulkan efek samping berupa bersin. Obat-obatan tersebut antara lain obat penurun tekanan darah, pil kontrasepsi, aspirin, dan obat yang digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit jantung.

Mekanisme penyebab bersin akibat penggunaan narkoba belum sepenuhnya dipahami, namun diduga terkait dengan efek obat pada pembuluh darah dan saraf di hidung.

6. Iritasi Lingkungan

Paparan berbagai jenis iritan di lingkungan dapat memicu bersin. Iritasi tersebut antara lain polusi udara, asap rokok, bau menyengat, bahan kimia tertentu, dan perubahan suhu yang drastis.

Iritasi pada saluran pernafasan akibat paparan zat tersebut dapat memicu refleks bersin sebagai upaya tubuh untuk membersihkan saluran pernafasan.

Cara Menghentikan Bersin Terus-menerus

Untuk mengatasi bersin-bersin yang mengganggu, berikut beberapa tips yang bisa Anda coba:

1. Identifikasi Penyebabnya

Langkah pertama yang sangat penting adalah mengidentifikasi apa yang memicu Anda bersin. Apakah bersin terjadi setelah terpapar bulu hewan, saat berada di ruangan berdebu, atau setelah mengonsumsi makanan tertentu?

Dengan mengetahui penyebabnya, Anda bisa terhindar dari pemicu alergi atau iritan penyebab bersin. Membuat catatan harian gejala dapat membantu Anda mengidentifikasi pola dan hubungan antara aktivitas atau paparan tertentu dan terjadinya bersin.

2. Mengkonsumsi obat-obatan

Jika bersin disebabkan oleh alergi, dokter mungkin akan meresepkan obat antihistamin atau dekongestan. Obat ini bekerja dengan cara memblokir efek histamin, zat kimia yang memicu reaksi alergi.

Selain itu, dokter juga dapat meresepkan obat kortikosteroid untuk mengurangi peradangan pada saluran pernapasan. Penting untuk berkonsultasi dengan dokter sebelum mengonsumsi obat apa pun, terutama jika Anda memiliki kondisi medis lain atau sedang hamil atau menyusui.

3. Gunakan pelembab udara

Humidifier merupakan suatu alat yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan kelembapan udara di dalam ruangan. Udara yang terlalu kering dapat mengiritasi saluran pernafasan dan memicu bersin.

Dengan menggunakan humidifier, Anda dapat menjaga kelembapan ruangan secara optimal dan mengurangi iritasi pada saluran pernapasan.

4. Membersihkan lingkungan sekitar

Lingkungan yang bersih dapat membantu mengurangi paparan alergen dan iritan. Sering-seringlah membersihkan rumah, terutama di area yang sering menampung debu seperti karpet, furnitur berlapis kain, dan ventilasi udara.

Gunakan penyedot debu yang dilengkapi filter HEPA untuk menyedot debu secara efektif. Selain itu, gantilah sprei dan sarung bantal secara rutin.

5. Hindari Pemicu Alergi

Setelah mengetahui apa yang menjadi pemicu alergi Anda, usahakan untuk menghindari paparan alergen tersebut. Jika Anda alergi terhadap serbuk sari, sebaiknya hindari berada di luar ruangan saat jumlah serbuk sari sedang tinggi, terutama di pagi hari.

Jika Anda alergi terhadap bulu binatang, pertimbangkan untuk tidak memelihara hewan peliharaan atau meminimalkan kontak dengan hewan peliharaan.

6. Cuci tangan secara teratur

Mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir secara rutin merupakan cara efektif mencegah infeksi. Virus dan bakteri yang menempel di tangan bisa masuk ke tubuh melalui hidung dan mulut sehingga memicu bersin dan gejala pilek lainnya.

Cuci tangan sebelum makan, setelah menggunakan toilet, dan setelah bersin atau batuk.

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